Live practice

A Lewis base donates an electron pair, whereas a Lewis acid accepts an electron pair.

(a) (mathrm{OH^-}) has lone pairs on oxygen and donates an electron pair. Hence it is a Lewis base: (mathrm{:OH^-+H^+ ightarrow H_2O}).

(b) (mathrm{F^-}) has available lone pairs and donates an electron pair. Hence it is a Lewis base: (mathrm{BCl_3+:F^- ightarrow[BCl_3F]^-}).

(c) (mathrm{H^+}) has a vacant orbital and accepts an electron pair. Hence it is a Lewis acid.

(d) In (mathrm{BCl_3}), boron has only six electrons in its valence shell and can accept an electron pair. Hence (mathrm{BCl_3}) is a Lewis acid.

Molecular-orbital bond order is half the excess of bonding over antibonding electrons. Removing an O₂ π* electron raises bond order by 0.5; adding one lowers it by 0.5.

Oxidising strength reflects the tendency to accept electrons and actual bond/solvation energetics. Fluorine is strongest, oxygen follows, then chlorine, while nitrogen is least under ordinary conditions.

Aluminium has a smaller nuclear charge and a lighter, smaller nucleus, so its electrostatic repulsion of alpha particles is weaker.

Arrange the four women in positions 2,4,6,8 and the five men in the remaining positions.

Factor the quadratic:

so \(A=\{2,6\}\). Therefore \(D\subset A\), \(A\subset B\), and \(B\subset C\). By transitivity, \(D\subset B\), \(D\subset C\), and \(A\subset C\).

Rate of heating is power:

The two-hour duration would affect total heat, not its rate.

Apply the definition or the stated differentiation rules term by term.

Substitution into the original expression verifies the stated domain and final value.

Translate every condition into an equation and retain exact values throughout the ellipse calculation.

The last line satisfies the original conditions and supplies every requested part.

Translate every condition into an equation and retain exact values throughout the straight-line calculation.

The last line satisfies the original conditions and supplies every requested part.