Live practice

A Lewis acid must accept the halide electron pair and generate the ethyl electrophile.

The solvent rises by capillary action; solutes partition differently between stationary water/cellulose and the mobile solvent.

Disproportionation requires an element in an intermediate oxidation state with accessible higher and lower states. Select p-block non-metals and transition-metal ions that meet this condition.

Formation Gibbs energy is product minus reactants. Then use ΔG°=−RT lnK.

Atomic orbitals of comparable energy on one atom mix to form the same number of equivalent, directed hybrid orbitals. Their orientations minimise repulsion.

(a) When an atom gains an electron, the nuclear charge remains unchanged but electron-electron repulsion increases. The effective attraction per electron therefore decreases, and the resulting anion is larger than the neutral atom.

(b) When an atom loses an electron, electron-electron repulsion decreases. If the outermost shell becomes empty, one complete shell is also lost. The resulting cation is therefore smaller than the neutral atom.

A g subshell has l=4, and allowed l values are 0 to n−1.

Convert both masses to moles and compare them with the 1:3 stoichiometric ratio. Nitrogen is limiting.

Translate every condition into an equation and retain exact values throughout the conic calculation.

The last line satisfies the original conditions and supplies every requested part.

(i) Since \(3x>0\), \(f(x)